美国科技政策的“四项基本原则”

Four Fundamental Principles of Science & Technology Policy in the United States

美国制定科技政策时遵循的"四项基本原则"是美国在二战后数十年的科技创新体系发展中逐渐形成的,是当前美国创新政策的主要内容和灵魂。"四项基本原则"的主要内容是:支持基础研究,支持国家利益技术,信奉自由的市场竞争原则,创建高效的市场环境。"四项基本原则"已贯穿于美国科技政策发展数十年,并且不断地与时俱进,但在美国国内一直有对这些原则的反思和批判,因而,在具体操作过程中,也会因时制宜。我国在制定科技政策时,也应遵从某些原则与精神,并且这些原则与精神应与时俱进地发展,应遵循独立自主、突出重点、开放创新、有放有收的原则。

“The Four Fundamental Principles” of S&T policy in the United States got into shape during the development of the S&T&I system after World War II, is now the essence of the U.S. innovative policy. The principles include supporting for basic research, supporting for technologies of national interests, believing in free market competition and creating high-efficient market environment. They are running through American S&T history for decades, and are continuously advancing with the times. But there always are rethink and criticisms on it, so the principles sometimes must suit the different conditions during the speciifc implementation. China should also follow some principles and spirits when formulating S&T policy, such as independence, highlighting, openness, government’s power decentralization and centralization. The principles ought to develop and advance with the times.