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二级参考文献18
1William H. McNeill, Arnold Toynbee, A Life ( New York: Oxford University Press, 1989).
2Paul Costello, Worm History and Their Goals : Twentieth-Century Anszoers to Modernism (DeKalb:Northern Illinois University Press, 1993).
3Pitirim A. Sorokin, Modern Historical and Social Philosophies (London: Constable, 1963 ).
4On the significance of modernization analysis for historical scholarship, see Craig A. Lockard, "Global history, Modernization, and the World - Systems Approach: A Critique", The History Teacher 14 ( 1981 ) : 489 - 515 .
5and Alvin Y. So, Social Change and Ek, velopment : Modernization, Dependency, and Worm - System Theories (Newbury Park, Calif. :Sage, 1990).
6For Studies of these schools, see Loekard, "Global History, Modernization, and the World - System Approach".
7So, Social Change and Development: Charles Ragin and Daniel Chirot, "The World System of Immanuel Wallerstein", in Theda Skocpol, ed. , Vision and Method in Historical Sociology (Cambridge University Press, 1984), pp. 276-312.
8Thomas Richard Shannon, An Introduction to the Worm - System Perspective ( Boulder, CoLo. :Westview, 1989).
9William H. MeNeill, "The Rise of the West after Twenty - Five Years", Journal of World History 1 (1990) : 1-21 .
10Marshall G.S. Hodgson, Rethinking Worm History: Essays on Europe, Islam, and World History, ed. By Edmund Burke Ⅲ (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. ix-x, 92-94,309.