美国的领导力及自由主义国际秩序的未来

U.S. Leadership and the Future of Global Liberal Order

第二次世界大战以来,美国在全球政治中拥有前所未有的权力,有些人把这种权力称为美国的'霸权'。不过,一些分析家认为,美国主导的自由主义秩序可能将走向终结。目前,世界政治中两个重大的权力转移:一是权力从西方国家转移到东方国家,表现为以中国、印度为代表的亚洲经济体迅速崛起;二是权力从国家到非国家行为体的扩散,这主要得益于以互联网兴起为代表的信息技术的快速变革。这对美国权力所维系的自由主义秩序提出了挑战。然而,与中国崛起构成的威胁相比,对这种领导作用的更大威胁可能来自美国国内的民粹主义政治。今天,美国的优势有些不如当年,而世界则变得更加复杂,至关重要的事情仍将是美国与他国合作来提供全球公共产品。

Since World WarⅡ,theUnited States has been given unprecedented power in global politics.However,some analysts believe the liberal order led by the US is coming to an end.At present,there are two major power shifts in world politics.Firstly,power shifts happened from western countries to eastern countries.Secondly,there is the diffusion of power from state to non-state actors,which is mainly due to the rapid transformation of information technology represented by the rise of the Internet.All these challenge the liberal order sustained by American power.Nevertheless,a bigger threat posed to US leadership comes from populist politics within the US rather than China.Today,America’s advantages are fading,and the world is more complex.