凯尔森的法律与正义哲学理论

Kelsen's Theory of Law and Philosophy of Justice

凯尔森认为,基础规范与效力递导原则是法律实存的结构要件,对法律规范的普遍服从能够催使合法性价值的生成,但合法性与正义不同,正义只能成为良法与恶法之间区分的标准。法律价值判断能够借助社会事实进行客观检验,但关于正义的判断却依赖于相互冲突的人类利益诉求,所以实证法律科学与法律哲学之间存在分野。文章通过阐释上述凯尔森立场中的基础性要素,指出其正义哲学理论中所坚持的规范伦理相对主义立场,与其自身所持的认知相对主义立场、基础规范理论及宽容原则存在着无法圆融之处,结果凯尔森成了一个带着伪装的伦理绝对主义者。

Kelsen believes that basic norms and the principle of transmitting effectiveness are the structural elements of legal existence.Universal obedience to legal norms can promote the generation of legal value.However,legitimacy is different from justice which can only become the standard to distinguish good law from drocanion law.The judgment of legal value can be objectively tested by social facts,but the judgment of justice depends on the conflicting human interests appeal.Therefore,there is a distinction between positive law science and philosophy of law.Based on the interpretation of the fundamental factors in Kelsen’s position,this article will point out that the relativism of the normative ethics in its philosophical theory of justice can not be compatible with his relativism position of cognition,basic normative theories and principles of tolerance.As a result,Kelsen becomes a disguised ethics absolutist.