现代大学与院校研究(下)——美国院校研究发展述评

Modern university and institutional research——A review of the development of institutional research in the United States

现代大学与 1 9世纪传统学院在组织与管理上有根本的不同。 1 9世纪传统学院规模较小 ,以联系紧密的学者学生共同体和经验管理为基础 ;现代大学规模较大 ,以科层制和专业化管理为基本特征。院校研究是在大学由传统学院向现代大学转变过程中作为现代大学管理的参谋而出现的。可以预见 ,在中国由精英经大众走向普及高等教育的过程中 ,中国大学也会发生类似的变化 。

The modern university is fundamentally different from the colleges prior to the 19 century in terms of organization and administration. The 19century colleges were characterized as a small community of scholars, and operated basing on experiences, while modern universities are large and featured as bureaucratic organization, and managed by a variety of professionals. Institutional research was emerged as a staffing function of management of modern university. It is predictable that Chinese university will experience a similar progress during China's transition from elitist to mass higher education, and institution research will be needed as in the United States.