政治合法性来源的再审视——基于中国经验的政治学诠释

Re-examination of Sources of Political Legitimacy:A political Interpretation Based on Chinese Experience

合法性这一政治概念基于考察民众对国家的认同和支持而产生,但不同政体、不同地域和不同时代的国家在实际发展中的差异使得学者对合法性来源及其特征争论不休。已有研究将合法性来源简单归结为西方的竞争性选举程序,并认为以绩效或经济增长为支撑的合法性无法根本解决政治认同和支持危机,此类研究视角忽略了合法性来源的多重多样性。在梳理合法性来源的一般理论基础上,可将其划分为基础性来源和补充性机制,并基于大数据时代不同合法性来源与技术变革的互动表现,建构出一个复合型合法性来源分析框架。通过对中国改革开放以来的政治实践运作分析,展示该分析框架的合理性与有效性,为中国政治发展成就的理论诠释提供新视角。

The political concept of legitimacy is based on the examination of people’s recognition and support for the state. However,the differences in the actual development of different polities,different regions and different eras result in the endless debates among scholars over the source of legitimacy and its characteristics. Studies have simply attributed the source of legitimacy to western competitive electoral procedures,and argued that legitimacy supported by performance or economic growth cannot fundamentally resolve the crises of political identity and support. Such research perspectives ignore the multiple sources of legitimacy. Through identifying the general theories,it can be divided into basic sources and complementary mechanisms,and based on the interactions between different sources of legitimacy and technological changes in the era of big data,we can construct a composite framework for analyzing the sources of legitimacy. The analysis of the political practice since China ’s reform and opening up helps to demonstrate the rationality and validity of this framework and provide a new perspective for the theoretical interpretation of China’s political developments.