网络时代公共领域的解构危机

Deconstruction Crisis of Public Sphere in the Internet Era

公共领域是通过公众的话语交往论证公共性的意见领域,它处于公共权力领域与私人领域之间,力图建构起维护社会公益的道义力量。在传统媒体时代,公共领域在政治和商业因素的裹挟下式微,网络时代的到来,使人们看到了公共领域复兴的契机。尽管网络空间满足了公共领域形成的基本构成要件,但是通过考察这一虚拟空间的微观交往生态可以发现,由于网络空间复兴了大众之"魅",使得话语交往容易呈现肤浅化、极端化和对抗情结;即逝公众和碎片化议题使得讨论往往缺乏持续性和深度;"沉没的螺旋"和群体极化使得话语交往走向偏激和不宽容;标签化舆论和理性的沉没造成了公众批判精神的失落。此外,导致传统公共领域衰落的政治和商业因素仍然在一定程度上发挥着作用,这些使得网络时代的公共领域可能继续走上式微之路。

Public sphere is an area of opinions where the public discuss publicity through discourse communication.It is between the field of public power and the private field,and tries to construct a moral force to safeguard social welfare.In the era of traditional media,public sphere coerced by political and commercial factors declined,and the advent of the Internet era made people see the opportunity to revitalize public sphere.Although cyberspace meets the basic requirement of the formation of the public sphere,by examining the micro-communication ecology of this virtual space,it can be found that cyberspace revives the'magic'of the masses,making discourse communication prone to be superficial,extreme and antagonistic.Transient public and fragmented issues make discussions often lack continuity and depth.'The spiral of silence'and group polarization make discourse communication towards extreme and intolerant.Labeled public opinion and sinking rationality cause the loss of critical spirit.In addition,the political and commercial factors that have led to the decline of the traditional public sphere still play a role to a certain extent,which makes the public sphere in the Internet era may continue to decline.