创新自治:村民自治有效实现形式的“横向拓展”——基于鄂西南B村的个案研究

Innovative Self-governance: “Horizontal Expansion”of the Effective Realization of Villagers’ Self-governance——A Case Study of a Village in Southwest Hubei

将村民自治单元下沉到自然村的'自救'改革,虽然有利于重拾自然村作为治理单元的特有价值,但并不适宜在人口外流型农村地区推广。作为人口外流型村庄的鄂西南B村,以'三治融合'乡村治理体系创新为契机,建立了乡贤道德评判团、村民自治议事团、'雷锋'志愿服务队、'五老'协会、全域有机协会以及红白理事会等新型村民自治组织,对村民自治有效实现形式进行了'横向拓展'。这是一种在保留和发展村委会的基础上,以多元主体共治为特征的村庄治理模式,丰富了村民自治的理论和实践体系。虽然这一模式取得了良好的成效,有助于提高村民的民主治理能力,保障精准扶贫工作的落实,促进乡村社会的和谐稳定,但仍存在治理权源缺失、生成逻辑不足、组织设置冗杂、发展支撑阙如等问题,应通过寻求法律赋权、夯实底层基础、优化体系设置以及创新支撑制度予以解决。

Although the'self-rescue'reform of sinking the villagers’self-governance unit into the natural village is conducive to regaining the unique value of the natural village as a unit of governance,it is not suitable for promotion in rural areas with population outflow.As a village with population outflow in the southwest of Hubei province,B village took the opportunity of rural governance innovation,and established new self-governing organizations,such as the moral judgement panel,which constituted the'horizontal expansion'of the effective implementation of villagers’self-governance.This is a village governance model based on the preservation and development of village committees and characterized by cooperative governance,enriching the theory and practice of villagers’self-governance.Although this model has made great achievements in helping to improve villagers’capacity of democratic governance,ensure the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation,and promote the harmony and stability of rural society,there are still problems of lack of governance power,insufficient logic of creation,and not well-designed organizations.It is necessary to solve these problems through legal empowerment,consolidation of the underlying foundation,optimization of system settings,and innovation of supporting systems.