5Alderson, C. & D. Wall. 1993. Does washback exist?[J] Applied Linguistics 14/2:115-129.
6Alderson, C. & L. Hamp-Lyons. 1996. TOEFL preparation courses: A study of washback [J]. Language Testing 13/3:280-297.
7Bachman, L.F. 1990 Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
8Bachman, L.F. & A.S. Palmer. 1996 Language Testing in Practice [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9Bailey, K. M. 1996. Working for washback: A review of the washback concept in language testing [ J ].Language Testing 13/3: 257-279.
10Brown, J. D. 2000. University Entrance Examinations:Strategies for creating positive waskback on English language teaching in Japan [ J ]. Shiken: JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter 3/2:4-8.
