深圳地区季节风特征研究

Seasonal Wind Characteristics in Shenzhen Area

本研究利用深圳地区8个沿海、陆地自动气象站2007年6月1日至2017年6月1日11年的小时风速观测数据,按不同季节对各站历史阵风观测进行特征分析研究,并计算比较各站的阵风系数。结果表明,沿海气象自动站四季风力观测普遍高于陆地自动站的风力;8个气象台站在夏、秋季受台风影响的最大阵风大于冬春之际受冷空气影响的最大阵风。各台站中,距离海岸最近的港口码头气象站,盐田港、妈湾港、蛇口码头具有最小的阵风系数;随着离海岸距离的增加,气象站的阵风系数变大,即距海岸线远的气象站的大风更具阵性特点。各台站中背仔角与盐田港是大风记录最为频繁的气象站,历史上受台风影响下的最大阵风达到了12级以上,最大平均风分别达到了9级和10级。进一步的大风个例分析结果表明,相比较台风、冷空气条件下的大风,深圳地区强对流天气引发大风更具有阵性的特征,大风发生地点更随机。本研究可以为不同季节条件下深圳地区的风力预测和风险评估提供指导。

Based on the historical hourly wind observation data of eight coastal and inland automatic weather stations in Shenzhen from 1 June 2007 to 1 June 2017, this study explores the seasonal gust characteristics and the feature of the gust factors for the eight stations. The results show that winds at coastal stations are generally stronger than the winds at inland stations. The maximum gust at the eight stations due to typhoons in summer and autumn is generally stronger than the maximum gust at these stations due to cold front in winter and spring. Among these stations, Yantian International Container Terminal Station(YTG), Mawan Port Station(MWG), Shekou Ferry Terminal Station(SKMT), which are located close to seawater, have relatively smaller gust factor, compared to the factors at other stations. With the increase of the distance to the coastline, the gust factor at the stations becomes bigger. Therefore, the gale tends to be more instantaneous at the stations with farther distance to coastline than the gale at coastal stations. Among the eight stations, Beizaijiao Station(BZJ) and YTG have the most frequent gust gale records. The historical maximum gusts at the two stations are above 12-level scale(Beaufort scale),and the historical maximum 10 min average wind is above 9-level scale at BZJ and 10-level scale at YTG. Further case studies show that the gust gale in Shenzhen Area induced by severe convective weather is more instantaneous than those induced by typhoon or cold front. The location of the gust gale induced by severe convective weather is more stochastic. This study could provide references for the seasonal wind forecast and risk assessment in Shenzhen Area.