伊曼努尔·费伊:将欺骗引入哲学?

Emmanuel Faye:The Introduction of Fraud into Philosophy?

随着'黑色笔记'的出版,法国学者伊曼努尔·费伊认为,海德格尔不仅在纳粹时期,甚至在其哲学生涯开端就已经在酝酿一场'阴谋'。换而言之,海德格尔早在1920年代就已经将其反犹主义倾向和政治权谋用一种'哲学'的外衣表达出来。他从一开始就没打算从事哲学研究,而是在经营一种'权力策略'。这些都能在其早期的一些'交往书信'、演讲稿,甚至在《存在与时间》里找到确实的证据。对此,希恩教授提出质疑:海德格尔毫无疑问在纳粹时期曾投靠法西斯,也曾发表过极端激烈的反犹言论。但是,是否因此就可以认定他从一开始就没有从事'哲学',而是在为今后的政治选择和权力策略做准备?显然,即使随着'黑色笔记'的出版,我们也应该保持警惕。问题不在于海德格尔那里到底有没有哲学,而在于我们应该以一种怎样的方式,与此同时应该避免以一种怎样的态度来理解海德格尔的哲学。所以,希恩教授在这篇文章里针对费伊先生那部影响深远的《海德格尔,将纳粹引入哲学》一书以及随后发表的一封公开信里面的一些主要观点逐一进行了质疑和批驳。

With the publication of Martin Heidegger’s Black Notebooks,Emmanuel Faye,a French scholar,claims that Heidegger had been concealing his anti-Semitic position and political trickery under the philosophical cloak not only during the Nazi period,but even from the very beginning of his career in the early 1920 s.That is to say,from the outset,Heidegger did not intend to do philosophizing at all,but only to operate "a power strategy".Some conclusive evidence can be found in some of his early "exchanged letters" and lectures,and even in his book Being and Time.This essay challenges Faye’s key claim,and argues that there is no doubt that during the Nazi period Heidegger was a convinced fascist and also made radicalanti-Semiticspeeches.But can we consequently draw that,instead of doing philosophizing,Heidegger prepared himself simply for his future political choice and power strategy from start to finish? Obviously,in spite of the publication of the Black Notebooks,we should still remain vigilant.The real question is not whether there is a certain philosophy in Heidegger,but how should we,and how should we not,read Heidegger’s philosophy.Therefore,this essay challenges and criticizes Faye’s main points in his widely-readwork Heidegger:the Introduction of Nazism into Philosophy and his open letter published subsequently.