柏拉图对逻辑的贡献

Plato’s Contributions to Logic

柏拉图关于'是'的讨论与知识相关、与真相关。特别是他关于'不是'的讨论还凸显出方法论方面的重要意义:从'是'出发,先是借助'运动'和'静止',后又借助'相同'和'相异',试图达到一种具有普遍性的说明。他的讨论在许多方面给人启示,包括关于语言的考虑,关于区别语言与语言所表达的东西的考虑,关于句法和语义的区别的考虑。所有这些考虑涉及与逻辑相关的基本问题,为逻辑的产生和发展指出了方向并且提供了丰富的资源。

Plato makes great contribution to the theory of being,which is relevant to truth and knowledge.And in the discussion in question his consideration of not-being in particular shows a consequential significance of methodology:Starting with'being,'first in terms of'movement'and'rest,'then in terms of'sameness'and'difference,'with an attempt to arrive at an account of generality.His discussion sheds light on many aspects,for example,the considerations of language,of the distinction between language itself and what the language expresses,and of the distinction between syntax and semantics.The paper shows how and to what extent all these considerations are involved in the fundamental issues of logic and what resources they have provided for logic,in a word,what contributions Plato has made to the creation of logic,though he is not the father of logic.