同性婚姻、性少数权益与“道德滑坡”论

Homosexual Marrige,Sexual Minority Rights and Moral Slippery Slope

在性少数权益的支持者所遭遇的种种诘难中,最常见是'道德滑坡'(moral slippery slope)论。对道德滑坡论的辨析,不仅仅是为了更有效地回应性少数权益反对者的质疑,也有助于澄清'性少数'及'性少数权益'这些概念本身的涵义。本文以同性婚姻合法化为例,从正反两个方面反驳道德滑坡论者。正面的办法是:论证同性婚姻和所有在道德上不可接受的性模式之间存在均关键区别,从而直接拒斥类比、阻断滑坡。反面的办法是:将举证责任转移到反同人士头上,首先要求其给出上述前提中的类比所依赖的原则,而后'以彼之道还施彼身',通过构建相反方向的滑坡,论证这些原则将使反同人士自身陷入道德困境。最后结果表明,反同人士试图在同性亲密关系与某些道德上不可接受的性模式之间建立滑坡,从而在道德上拒绝前者的努力是失败的。

The most common challenge among which the supporters of sexual minority rights are faced with is the moral slippery slope theory.The examination of the moral slippery slope theory is not merely a more effective response to the queries of opponents of minority rights,but also clarifies the concepts of sexual minority and sexual minority rights.In this paper,I take homosexual marriage legalization as an example to refute moral slippery slope theory from positive and negative approaches respectively.The positive approach is to demonstrate that there are key differences between homosexual marriage and other morally unacceptable sexual modes,in order to directly reject any analogy and hold back slippery slope.The negative approach is to transfer the burden of proof to anti-homosexuals,i.e.,to demand them to provide a principle of analogy as a premise for the above-mentioned argument,then in the same manner to construct inverse slippery slope so that the anti-homosexuals get into trouble.Finally,it is demonstrated that it is a failure for anti-homosexuals to construct a slippery slope between homosexual marriage and some morally unacceptable sexual modes and then to refute homosexual marriage.