康德意义:实践哲学传统之重新接续与当代复兴

Kant’s Significance:Continuation and Revival of Practical Philosophy Tradition

在西方哲学发展史上,实践哲学有着古老而悠久的传统,它与理论哲学一起构成希腊哲学的重要部分。但自近代以来,实践哲学完全被降到理论运用的技艺层面上而受到了科学理性主义理论哲学的打击,哲学问题似乎变成了仅仅只是关于世界的本原、本质的最终根据的探索,与人的具体生活和实践毫不相关。西方哲学发展的这种走向,在现当代哲学家中引起了深刻的反思和有效的批判,兴起了一股纠正西方哲学走向、复兴希腊实践哲学的理论潮流。应该说,康德实践哲学对西方实践哲学的恢复和现当代实践哲学复兴起着十分重要的作用。在康德实践哲学的引导下,实践哲学在德国古典哲学中获得了重新阐释,康德实践哲学与亚里士多德实践哲学、伽达默尔实践哲学共同形成了西方实践哲学发展史上的三座丰碑,也正是在康德实践哲学的承上启下的影响和作用下,西方实践哲学文脉得以重新接续,并极大地推进了实践哲学在现当代的重建与复兴。

In the history of Western philosophy, the tradition of practical philosophy can trace back to ancient Greek philosophy. It, along with theoretical philosophy, is an important part of Greek philosophy. However, in the contemporary context, practical philosophy becomes the technical application of theoretical philosophy, attacked by theoretical philosophy of scientific rationalism. Philosophical debates seem to concern merely the ultimate exploration of the origin and nature of the world, and does not focuse on the issues of human life and practice. By rethinking and criticizing this tendency, modern philosophers attempt to revive Greek practical philosophy. Kant’s practical philosophy plays an important role in reviving modern and contemporary practical philosophy. Because of Kant’s work, practical philosophy is reinterpreted in German classical philosophy and inspires greatly the reconstruction and revival of practical philosophy in the modern world. In this sense, Kant, Aristotle and Gadamer are regarded as three key links in the history ofWestern practical philosophy.