自爱与他爱是一：论斯多亚学派oikeiōsis观念的内在一致性

The Oneness of Self-concern and Other-concern: On the Consistency of the Concept of Stoic Oikeiōsis

亲近(oikeiōsis)理论被普遍认为是斯多亚学派伦理学的基础,但其中是否存在一种所谓的'社会性亲近'或者说该学说是否有两个源头,学者们一直存有巨大争议。通过从整体上检视斯多亚学派的人性发展观、宇宙观及价值论基础,本文认为有且只有一种oikeiōsis,它是一个发展过程。作为一个内在协调一致的概念,oikeiōsis呈现了一个人把对自己及其自身各部分的关切逐步向后代、亲属,乃至其他所有人扩展的连续性过程。斯多亚学派的这一学说明显承继并发展了亚里士多德的友爱论,尤其是后者关于自爱(philautia)与父母之爱的论述;其所诉诸的主要纽带则是不断发展着的人的自我构成,尤其是逐渐完善的理性。

The doctrine of oikeiōsis is mainly considered as the basis of Stoic ethics.However,it is highly controversial whether there is so-called social oikeiōsis or there are two origins within this theory.By exploring the Stoic thoughts on the development of human nature in the background of Stoic cosmology and anxiogy,this article argues that the approach of'one oikeiōsis,one process'is more convincing.Oikeiōsis itself is a coherent concept,indicating a process of appropriation that extends from one self and one’s own parts to his or her offspring,relatives,and even other people.The Stoic oikeiōsis clearly echoed Aristotle’s philia,particularly Aristotle’s account of philautia.The main bond of this process is the continuously developing constitution of the individual,especially the gradually seasoned reason.