中国沙尘暴及其监测预警

Monitoring and Warning of Dust Storms in China

利用 1 95 4— 2 0 0 1年中国大陆 6 81个站的气象资料 ,分析了中国沙尘暴的时空分布特征和分级标准 ,给出了沙尘暴若干观测事实。通过分析沙尘暴的发生发展机制 ,讨论了沙尘暴的定性预报和定量预报技术 ,指出发展包含大气运动、风蚀物理过程和下垫面地表信息的集合数值预报模式是沙尘暴定量预警技术的发展方向。同时 ,指出传统的监测网尚不能全面监测沙尘暴的发生和发展 ,建立包含下垫面生态环境要素。

Using the surface observational data from 681 stations in the mainland of China from 1954 to 2001, the space time distribution character and classification standard of the dust storms in China were analyzed, and some observation facts of the dust storms were given. Based on the analysis of the occurrence and development mechanism of the dust storms, the technology of the qualitative and quantitative forecast of the dust storm was discussed. It pointed out that the development orientation of warning technology on the quantity of dust storm is to develop the integrated forecast model system containing the atmosphere movement, the physical process of wind erosion and the information of land surface. Meanwhile, it indicated that the conventional monitoring network could not comprehensively monitor the occurrence and development of the dust storms. The specialized dust storm monitoring network including the factor of land surface environment and the factor of atmospheric physics and chemistry should be established, which is the root of the better understanding of the dust storm characters and the development of warning technology on the quantity of dust storm. [