中国梨育种的回顾和展望

Status and Prospects of Pear Breeding in China

对我国梨育种工作进行了系统的回顾,包括梨的种质资源、引种、实生选种、芽变选种、辐射育种、杂交育种、遗传规律研究和生物技术研究等。我国梨的种质和品种资源丰富、栽培面积大,是世界上梨栽培面积最大、产量最多的国家。除了继续进行早熟梨的选育外,还要加强品质改良育种、加工用品种、矮化密植用品种、绿色食品用抗病等新品种的培育。探索用生物技术手段,如遗传标记和转基因技术,来改良梨的品质和抗逆性等性状。

The advances in pear breeding,including collection of t he germplasm resources,introduction,selection from chance seedlings,selection f rom sports,irradiation breeding,hybridization,research on the inheritance of the commercial characteristics of the parentage and biotechnology in China are s ystematically reviewed.China is rich in pear germplasm and cultivar resources, and is the greatest pear production country in the world.It is indicated that i n the future,besides the breeding aim for early ripening new varieties,the bre eding aims for high fruit quality,processing,dwarfing and high resis-tance to diseases and environment stresses etc.should be emphasized,the biotechnology ,such as genetic transformation and DNA markers,should be utilized in pear bre eding for improving pear fruit quality and its tolerance to environment stresse s.