生物技术在香蕉育种中的应用

Advances in Biotechnological Research in Banana Breeding

近50年来,香蕉的生产得到了稳步的发展,但同时正遭受越来越严重的病虫、霜冻和台风的危害。解决目前香蕉生产障碍的根本措施是培育高产、优质且具有高度抗性的新品种。而鲜食蕉高度不育性和果实无核性的特点,使目前香蕉选育种工作明显滞后于生产。这些现状迫切要求生物技术在香蕉育种中应用不断发展和深入。综合有关文献概述了近20年来在香蕉的突变育种、基因工程育种和体细胞杂交育种等领域取得的可喜进展,并展望了香蕉产业发展的未来。

Banana is one of the most importan t fruit crops in the world,and it is a staple food for about 500millions peop le in developing countries.In recent 50years,the production of banana was de veloped stably.At the same time ,it is encountering more and more serious dise ases,pests,frozen and wind.To these problems ,the essential solution is to b reed new varieties incorporated with high cropping,good quality and high resist ances to different stresses.Due to banana’s unfertile female,its breeding la gs behind the production obviously.All these status demand continuous biotechno logical research on banana’s breeding.In recent 20years,many achievements h ave been obtained in some fields,such as mutation breeding,tissue cul-ture an d rapid propagation,somatic embryogenesis and protoplast culture,genetic trans formation,somatic hybridization and so on.This article outlines the recent ad vances in biotechnological research on banana’s breeding and its prospects.