凝聚相中纳米粒子的自组装

The Self-Assembly of Nanoaggregates in the Condensed Phase

低维纳米材料的研究是当前材料科学与其它学科交叉的前沿领域。为了降低制造成本以便工业生产某些具有特殊功能的人造分子和纳米器件，必须寻找在液相中大量复制和组装它们的技术。在液相中制造纳米粒子有两个最重要的问题需要解决。一是粒子在溶液中的稳定性；二是颗粒度和结构的控制。其中三维有序结构的构建是制造纳米分子器件的首要问题。本文简介辐射法合成金属纳米粒子的原理及其自组装条件的控制，并进一步阐述如何利用脉冲辐解研究其成核反应动力学。

The study of low dimension nanomarterials is a pioneering fields in materials science and its related interdisciplinaries. In order to cheaply produce industrially some functional man-made molecules and nanoscalemolecular devices, it is necessary to copy or assembly them in liquid phase. However, there are two essentialproblems to be resolved in producing the nanoaggregates in liquid phase. One is the stability of the aggregates inthe liquid,the other is the control of particle size and its structure. The construction of organized 3-dimensionalarchitectures is the premium in synthesing molecular devices. In this article, the principle of radiolytic synthesisof mono- and multi - metalllic nanoaggregates and the probable conditions of self-assembly is briefly introduced,then the study of nucleation dynamics of metallic nanoaggregates by pulse radiolysis is also reviewed.