从世界棉花生产发展变化看中国“南棉北移西进”

On the Cotton Distribution Changed from the South to the North and Extended to the West in China In View of Cotton Production Development in the World

近30年来随着世界棉花生产向干旱区发展，我国棉花生产布局也经历了由南部长江中下游平原向华北平原转移，再向西部干旱地区推进的过程，新疆已成为我国最大的优质棉花基地。我国棉花布局的这种发展趋势，同前苏联棉花向中亚干旱地区集中；美国棉花由中南部向西南部干旱区转移的动向有所类似。但中国西部干旱缺水，耕地较少，制约农作物生产的发展。从长远来看，新疆的棉花生产规模为93万公顷左右。今后我国棉花的重要来源，仍然是靠半湿润半干旱的华北平原地区。

In the last 30 years, along with the cotton production in the world extension to the arid areas, the cotton distribution in China also involved the procession that changed from the middle - lower reaches of Yangtze River to the Noth China Plain, then extened to the North-- west arid areas. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has become the largest good quality cotton production base. The devlopment trend of cotton in China is similar to that of concentration to the arid areas of cotton production in the Middle-Asia of old Russia and trans formation to the arid areas in the South -west from the Middle- south in America. But in theNorth-west China, because of water shortage and aridity, limited arable land, the production and develop-ment of crops is restricted. In a long run, the cotton production scale will not be more than 930 thousands hectares in Xinjiang. So that the important source of cotton in China will be still rely on the North China Plain.