黄土高原黑垆土肥力平衡研究

A STUDY ON FERTILITY BALANCE OF HEILU SOIL IN LOESS PLATEAU

摘要本文研究了黄土高原黑垆土的培肥途径。在粮食作物种植中,加入约三分之一面积的豆科牧草,结合深耕,合理施肥,经过三年轮作后,作物产量逐年增加,经济效益明显,土壤养分供应能有所提高,氮、磷、钾比例失调现象改善。其中土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾的增加达极显著水平,水解性氮达显著水平;氮、磷、钾比例由原来的15～49:11:26～106,变为4.5:1:11,并且增强了土壤的自身代谢和抗逆性能,特别是促进了有效磷、钾的转化率,对协调黄土高原土壤肥力平衡有良好的作用。

ABSTRACT The fertilization path of Heilu soil in loess plateau was studied in this paper. in food growing, leguminous pasture was planted in about 1/ 3 area, which combined with deep plow and adequate fertilization. After 3 years of rotation, the crop yield increased year by year, economic benefit was obvious, the nutrient supplying capacity of the soil was raised and the proportion of N, P, K was also improved. The increase of soil organic matter, available phosphate and potassium reached extreme marked level; hydrolyzable nitrogen came to significant level. The ratioes among N, P, K changed from 15—49: 1: 26—106 to 4. 5: 1: 11, At the same time the metabolism and resistibility of the soil itself was strengthened, particularly the transforming ratio of available phosphate and potassium was improved, which has good effect to harmonising soil fertility balance of loess plateau.