法律义务的逻辑分析

Logic Analysis of Legal Duty

在法学领域中,学者过多地关注于法律权利的研究,而对法律义务的探讨或是隐含于或是附着于对法律权利的研究。这使对法律义务的研究处于相对落后的状态。为了改变这种局面,就必须对法律义务进行独立的研究。本文在对既往的法律义务概念进行反思的基础上,尝试对法律义务进行定义式解释。法律义务是主体应当采取的行为模式,并是引起偏离行为模式者的法律责任的正当理由。又探讨了法律义务的构成要素。笔者认为法律义务应当由“应当+行为+引起法律责任的可能性”构成。

In the field of law, much attention has been paid to the study of legal right while the topic on legal duty remains unnoticed. In order to get a further and comprehensive knowledge of legal duty, we must study it independently. At the foundation of review on the foretime definition, I put forward my definition of legal duty. Legal duty is the mode of behavior which the actor ought to follow and the excuse for his liability when he deviates the behavior mode. Then I study the facts of composition of legal duty. I deem that legal duty should be composed of 'ought to be and behavior and the possibility of causing legal liability'.