错误认同、文化霸权和普遍性匮乏——文化特殊主义的僵局

False Identification, Cultural Hegemonism and the Lack of Universalism--the Dilemma of Cultural Particularism

在全球化背景下,人们对文化普遍主义的批评甚多,而对文化特殊主义(相对主义)的困境却往往忽视。把文化相对主义误读为文化普遍主义必然导致真正的普遍性的匮乏,而普遍性的缺失,将使多种文化的沟通成为不可能。消除文化特殊主义与文化普遍主义之间的僵局,可能的途径是“求大同,存小异”———把一种独特的文化视为普遍性的具体表达;在普遍主义的基础上,使文化交流得以可能,从而使特殊性得到充分的展现。

on the background of globalization, there seems much criticism on cultural universalism. The dilemma of cultural particularism, however, is often neglected. To misread cultural relativism as cultural universalism will inevitably lead to the lack of real universalism which, in turn, will make the intercommunication among cultures impossible. One possible means to do away with the dilemma between cultural particularism and universalism is to 'look for the greater homogeneity and allow for the smaller difference', to take a certain culture as the concrete expression of cultural universalism. In this way, cultural exchanges based on cultural universalism will be made possible and cultural particularism will be fully presented.