摘要
70年代以来 ,因受年度性双赤字困扰及美国产业向后工业化过渡 ,美国贸易政策理念在国内产业集团的强大压力下发生了变化 ,从传统的自由贸易和保护主义政策走向公平贸易和战略性贸易政策。 80年代国际贸易新理论的发展为美国贸易政策的转变提供了理论依据 ,美日半导体和美欧商用航空器争端这两个案例说明 ,在不完全竞争市场中 ,政府介入可以改变战略性博弈的结果。战略性贸易政策不仅可以帮助本国企业实现利润转移 ,而且可以创造“外部经济” ,从而增加国家经济福利。 90年代 ,克林顿政府以战略性贸易理论作为指导美国对外贸易政策的主流经济学 ,实行“出口能动主义”战略。尽管未能消除贸易赤字 ,但美国出口能力大幅提高 。
Since the 1970s, owing to the annual trade deficit and budget deficit, with the transition to the post-industrialized society, and under strong pressures from industrial groups, the ideas of U.S. trade policy has undergone great changes. The trade policy has transformed from advocating traditional free trade or protectionism to fair trade and strategic trade policy. The changes in policy thinking were supported by the emerging new theory of international trade in the 1980s. The Japan-U.S. semi-conduct disputes and Europe-U.S. commercial aircraft disputes demonstrated that government intervention could change the end result of a strategic game on a market of incomplete competition. The strategic trade policy not only helps domestic manufacturers to transfer profits but also helps them to create an 'external economy,' therefore adding benefits to the national economy. In the 1990s, the Clinton Administration took strategic trade theory as its main-stream economics of foreign trade policy, and carried out 'export dynamic' strategy. Although the U.S. government failed to eliminate the trade deficit, Americas export capabilities have increased by a big margin. The strategic trade policy has greatly contributed to the restoration of Americas international economic competitiveness.
出处
《美国研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第1期64-80,共17页
The Chinese Journal of American Studies