负剩余劳动情况下的劳资关系问题

Relations between Labor and Capital Based on the Minus Surplus Labor

资本运动的目的是使资本增殖,取得剩余价值,其实质是资本占有剩余劳动。剩余劳动为正数时,资本与劳动者的关系表现为资本占有剩余劳动,当剩余劳动为负数时资本与劳动者的关系发生逆转,形成劳动对资本的侵占,实质是劳动者占有资本。造成负剩余劳动的原因是多方面的,既有生产过程中的约束性因素,也有体制原因,更与生产组织方式和生产力发展水平有关。搞清楚负剩余劳动产生的原因,有助于更深入地研究劳动与资本的关系,有助于找出杜绝负剩余劳动的方法,对经济体制改革、企业改革和劳动关系调整都具有指导意义。

The goal of capital circulating is accumulation of capital. The capitalist seems to gain capital surplus at the expense of labor surplus. Should labor surplus value remains above the positive territory, one finds that the capitalist holds the full control of labor surplus; on the contrary, should labor surplus value go below the level and become negative, relations between labor and capital, or employeeemployer relations turn sour, thereby the former getting the upper hand over the latter and the former nibbling at the capital. There are plenty of reasons that cause minus labor surplus value: restrictive factors in the process of production, institutional restructuring, and a streamlined method of production and high degree of productivity. Only after a careful analysis of the roots of minus surplus labor value can we work out the proper labormanagement relations, finding ways and means to solve the problem of surplus labor, helping reform the economic structure and entrepreneurial organization, and ultimately, achieving collaboration between labor and capital.