历史生物地理学进展

ADVANCES IN HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY

生物地理学研究动植物的地理分布。历史生物地理学重建生物区系历史。分替理论的复兴动摇了散布理论的上百年统治。最近10年主要是分替理论推动了历史生物地理学,出现了多个途径——种系发生物地理学、分支分替生物地理学、特有性的俭吝分析和泛生物地理学。岛屿生物地理学理论有了改进和严格的实验检验;庇所学说产生了新的模型。最后就我国如何发展生物地理学提出了对策措施。

Biogeography is the study of plant and animal distribution. Historical biogeography attempts to reconstruct the biota history of the earth. Reviving rapidly and shaking thoroughly the one century long dominance of dispersal theory in biogeography during the 1960s, vicariance biogeography theory is now playing a leading role in the field of historcal biogeography. The vicariance theory includes four approaches-phylogenetic biogeography, cladistic vicariance biogeography, parsimony analysis of endemicities (PAE), and panbiogeography, each different from the other in philosophy and/or methodology. The model of island biogeography theory is tested with a number of taxa in a broad range of environments. Refugia theory is developing by way of new models and testing strategies. Finally, some measures are suggested to deal with the problem of how to develop the field of biogeography, especially of historical biogeography in China.