硬蜱盾窝腺释放性信息素

THE RELEASE OF SEX PHEROMONE BY FOVEAL GLANDS IN AN IXODID TICK

用生物测定和对盾窝进行x-射线微区分析相结合的方法,研究了亚洲璃眼蜱雌蜱性信息素的释放与吸血和交配的关系。生物测定结果表明:雌蜱通过盾窝释放性信息素,有性活力动能的雄蜱有所反应,爬向雌蜱进行交配。雌蜱吸血后第1天,有反应的雄蜱数目显著增加;吸血后的第3—5天,有反应的雄蜱数目达到最高峰,交配后有反应雄蜱的数目明显下降。如果用指甲油封闭雌蜱盾窝,有反应的雄蜱数目显著减少。由于性信息素的有效成分为2,6-二氯酚,故用x-射线微区分析方法测定盾窝氯含量的变化,可以表明雌蜱性信息素的释放量,其结果与生物测定结果一致:未吸血的雌蜱台氯水平为0.62,吸血后第1—2天均增到5.87,有非常显著的差异(P<0.001)。吸血后第3—5天含氯水平为10.23,达到最高峰,与吸血后第1—2天的相比,差异也很显著(p<0.001)。与雄蜱交配后含氯不平又降至0.89,性信息素含量明显降低,与来吸血的雌蜱含量接近。

The relationship between the release of sex pheromone and blood-sucking or mating of Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum was studied by bioassay and X-ray microanalysis (X-RMA). The results of bioassay showed that sex pheromone was released via the foveae of the female tick and the sexually active male crawled toward the female and copulated with her after perceiving the pheromohe odor. The number of responded male ticks increased distinctly on the first day after blood sucking and reached maximum on the third to fifth day after food intake. After mating the number of responded male ticks decreased significantly. The effective component of the sex pheromone is 2,6-dichlorophenol (DCP) which contains chlorine in the molecule. The difference of chlorine content between the fovea and its surrounding integument determined by X-RMA indicated that DCP was released via the fovea. The chlorine content of the fovea after bloodsucking showed a distinct increase over that of unfed female tick (P<0.001). On the third to fifth day after floodsucking it reached the highest. After mating it decreased to a level near that of the unfed female tick. The results obtained by X-RMA coincided completely with that of bioassay.