昆虫内分泌研究简况和中国的成就

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF STUDIES ON INSECT ENDOCRINOLOGY AND ITS ACHIEVEMENTS IN CHINA

昆虫内分泌学是昆虫生理学的重要分支之一。它研究昆虫的内分泌器官以及由相关器官组成的系统、昆虫的激素、昆虫激素的生理作用等。昆虫内分泌是20世纪中进展最快、成果较丰的领域之一。这个势头将要延续到21世纪。中国学者将沿着已往的成果前进。

Studies on insect endocrinology, especially the achievements of tho- se made in China were briefly reviewed. In China, since fifties, both basical re-searches and practical applications of insect endocrinology have obtained greatprogress.The prothoracicotropic hormone, PTTH, has been isolated and purified from2 million heads of Chinese silkworm and only a very little amount (7 ng) wasenough to activate the development of debrained diapausing pupa of Philosamiacynthia ricini. In Coccinclla septempunctata, the allatotropic hormone has been id-entified and can promote the secretion of juvenile hormone. In turn, the juvenilehormone controls the production and accumulation of vitellogenin mRNA synthesisin adult female. β-ecdyson, prococene II, combined with treatment of low tempe-rature can terminate the diapause of Antheraea yamamai eggs. By using the te-chniques of radioimmunoassay, the sensitivity of determination of the amount ofmoulting hormone has been raised and the micro change of the amount of mou-Iting hormone in the different developmental stages of Philosamia cynthia rictniindividuals can be determined. Phytoecdysone, especially extracted from Cyanothisin Yunnan, can be applied to the larva of Chinese silkworm to induce the normalmoulting process which will benefit the silk production.As for the theoretical considerations, a new regulatory mechanism of insectmoulting and metamorphosis is proposed. It is that the insect moulting and meta-morphosis is controlled by the mutual actions of two hormonal systems, brainalla-to-moulting hormones and brain-allato-gonadal hormones, instead of controlled bysingle hormonal system, brainallato-moulting hormone.