中国苏云金杆菌工作的主要成就

THE MAIN ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDIES ON BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS(BT)IN CHINA

苏云金杆菌是目前国际上生产量最大并成功地用于防治农、林、贮粮害虫和一些卫生害虫的微生物杀虫剂。我国早在50年代末、60年代初就已开始研制、应用工作,经历了30多年曲折的发展过程。为了更有效地控制害虫危害,保持生态平衡和减少环境污染,苏云金杆菌先后被国家列入“863”计划,“七五”、“八五”重点科技攻关项目和部、省级的重点课题,近年还列为国家“火炬计划”和“技改”计划及全国推广项目。近10多年来它的研究、生产、应用都获得较大的进展,主要有以下几个方面:

Up to date, BT as microbial-insecticide is still most extensivelystudied, produced and used in the world. In china, the research works of BT havebeen passed through tortuously for more than 30 years and due to its superior ch-aracters it gained good progress during the past decade.In the early of 1980s, because of improvement in fermentation technology andformulation, the spore content of fermentation liquor was increased from 20-35×10~7 to 70-80×10~7 spores/ml and the recovery rate was enhanced to 50%. Nowthe potency of wettable powder is 10000-16000 IU/mg catching to the same pro-ducts of foreign, the amounts of BT, mainly liquid and emulsion formulation wereestimated to be 5000 tons per year.BT had been used in China in 1990 (8.7×10~5 ha crops) for pest insect con-trol. Besides dimond back-moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus) and imported cab-bageworm (Pieris rapae Linnaeus) etc, also by airplan-spraying to control cornbore (Ostrinia furnacalis), pine lappet (Dendrolimus spectabilis Butter) in largearea; in addition, BT and chemical insecticide combinations were used to controlcotton bollworm (Heliothis armigera Hubner), paddy stem bore (Tryporyza incer-tulas Walker) and peach fruitborer (Carposina nipponensis Walsingham) whichrevealed a good effects. The ultilization of BT as biological control for pest insectis one of the successful method in china.So far, we have 23 serotypes.30 subspecies and more than 300 strains throughsearching for pathogenic resources and introducing from abroad. We studied anddeveloped the bioassay method to determin the virulence and to ensure the qulityof preparations, meanwhile we esteblished a relative standard strain. Some bio-assayhas been used such as cell-culture assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay andRocket Immunoelectrophoresis Assay. We also engaged the basic research dealingwith δ-endotoxin gene and its trasformation; protoplast-fusion breeding withinsubspecies.