冯友兰在全球化与民族性之间的探寻

Feng Youlan' s Probe between Globalizafion and Nationalism

冯友兰对中西文化问题的思考与探讨,不是从比较中西文化的同异优劣出发,在两种文化中选择一种文化作为中国文化乃至世界文化的发展方向,而是从全球性现代化运动的视域出发,在两种文化中选择那些具有历史的必然性与合理性的内容,重新构造中国文化的发展方向,使中国文化既能够顺应世界文化发展的潮流与时俱进,又能够在这个汹涌大潮中不至随波逐流。冯友兰的这些思考比较深刻地抓住了中西文化关系问题的症结,超越了同时代的全盘西化论者,也超越了同时代的其他文化保守主义者。其不足之处在于,在中西文化问题上过分强调了从“类型的观点”看而轻视了从“特殊的观点”看,把西方文化同产业革命后形成的“生产社会化底文化”加以割裂,以为中国文化所要追求和吸纳的仅是后者而非前者,这在理论上讲是有效的,但从实际上讲这种有效性就大打折扣。

Feng Youlan's thought and probe into the problems of both China and western culture do not begin with comparing the similarities and differences between Chinese and western culture, but with the perspective of global modernization, he took the content of historial necessity and reasonableness as the developing way of reforming Chinese culture, making it in step with the world culture but not just drift along. Feng' s ideas went beyond this contemporary complete westernization and other cultural conservatists. However, he also had his weak points which extremely emphasized the type viewpoint and neglected the special one, separating western culture from the productive social culture formed from the Industrial Revolution, holding that Chinese culture should follow the latter not the former. This idea is only meaningful in theory not in practice.