试论甲午战争时期的都城问题

The Capital Problem During the Sino -Japanese War of 1894 - 1895

甲午战争时期清朝京师的安危是时局的关键。日本的战略目标在于攻占北京,压迫清政府投降,马关议和时又以进攻北京相威胁,旨在挟制清政府签订城下之盟。清政府从“宗社为重,边徼为轻”的观念出发,以“保全京师根本”为目标,屈辱求和,终以割地赔款的惨重代价换来京畿安全和“十数年无事”之“和局”,以至丧失天下人心,自取败亡之道。康有为等人的“迁都”之论代表了当时士人关于都城问题的普遍认识。

The safety of the Qing Government capital during the Sino - Japanese war of 1894 - 1895 was very essential. Japanese purpose was to force Qing Government to surrender and compel the government to sign the inequality agreement. Qing Government tried to ensure that the capital was safe by ceding territory and paying indemnities. That was the reason why the government lost the common aspiration of the people.