棉尘对工人肺功能的影响

Effect of Cotton Dust on Pulmonary Function among Exposed Workers

目的 评价棉尘对工人肺功能的影响。方法 对 14 6名接棉尘工人和 12 5名对照工人的肺活量(FVC)和第 1秒时间肺活量 (FEV1 0 )进行了检查。结果 前纺、后纺和细纱作业场所空气中的棉尘浓度几何均值分别为 (7 1± 8 7) ,(2 5± 1 7) ,(2 2± 2 4 )mg/m3 ,样品超标率 16 8%。接触组前纺、后纺工人的急性肺功能改变 (APFC)和前纺工人的慢性肺功能改变 (CPFC)检出率较对照组明显增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,OR及 95 %CI分别为 4 7(1 4～ 16 3) ,4 5 (1 3～ 15 6 ) ,5 6 (1 1～ 2 9 8) ;4 0～岁年龄段接棉尘工人APFC检出率高于对照工人 (P <0 0 5 ) ,OR及 95 %CI为 9 0 (1 1～ 73 8) ;接棉尘女工APFC检出率也比对照女工高 (P <0 0 1)。结论 棉尘有损害肺通气功能的作用 。

Objective To evaluate the adverse effects of cotton dust on pulmoary function among exposed workers.Methods Forced vital capacity(FVC)and forced expiratory volume in 1 st second(FEV 1)were measured in 146 exposed workers and 125 control subjects by vitalograph spiromenter.Results The geometric means of cotton dust concentrations in the air of front spinning,back spinning and fine yarn workplaces were(7 1±8 7), (2 5±1 7),and(2 2±2 4)mg/m 3 respectively with a MAC exceeding rate of 16 8% from a total of 119 samples.The incidence of acute pulmonary function change(APFC) in workers of the front and back spinning,and chronic pulmonary function change(CPFC)in front spinning were significantly higher than those of the control(P<0 05),where ORs(95%CI)were 4 7(1 4～16 3), 4 5(1 3～15 6),and 5 6(1 1～29 8)respectively.The incidence of APFC in the exposed group of 40～50 years old was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0 05,OR=9 0,95%CI 1 1～73 8), and that of APFC in female exposed workers was also significantly higher than that of the female control workers(P<0 01).Conclusions Results indicated that cotton dust might impair the pulmonary function in exposed workers,especially on APFC among female exposed workers.