小麦高产栽培优化经验模式研究

STUDIES ON THE OPTIMUM EXPERENTIAL MODELS FOR HIGH YIELD CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT

采用小区试验和大田示范对比法,研究了土壤基础生产力不同的麦田获得高产的3个优化经验模式:快速增产模式、高产稳产模式和高产高效模式,以及3种不同栽培模式的产量构成特点和适应的生态条件。结果表明,快速增产模式适用于土壤基础肥力长期处在150～200kg/亩的麦田,其产量与亩穗数的相关极显著,以速效磷含量对产量的直接作用最大。高产稳产模式适用于有一定水浇条件,常年单产在350～400kg/亩的麦田,其产量与穗粒数的相关显著,土壤有机质含量对产量的直接作用较大。高产高效模式适用于土壤肥力高的“千斤田”,其千粒重与产量的相关极显著,土壤有机质含量对产量的影响最大。文中提出了适合不同模式的关键技术措施。

Adopting spot experiment and field contrastion, three optimum experiential models for high yield of winter Wheat in fields of different soil productive forces were studied The results indicated that: (1)speedy increasing field model suit to the wheat fiecd that the yield was about 150～200kg/mu. The ear amount/mu was related to the yield significantly, the phosphorus available in the soil has most most influence on yield.(2)High and stabe yield model suit to the irrigated field, in which the jield is about 350～400kg/mu. The grain amount/mu is related to the yield significantly. The amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil has the same effect on the yield (3)High yield and benefit model suit to the fertile field, 1000-grain weiht is related to the yield significantly. The organic matter in the soil has the most effect on yicld, Yiecd constitution, ecological conditions and cultivted methods in the different models were also put forward