北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982-2000)

The social spatial structure of Beijing Metropolitan Area and its evolution: 1982-2000

利用 2 0 0 0年的第 5次人口普查数据和 1 982年的第 3次人口普查数据 ,采用因子分析和聚类分析技术研究了近 2 0年来北京都市区的社会空间结构及其演化。对比 1 982年的情况 ,2 0 0 0年北京都市区社会空间结构的主因子、社会区类型、模式及其形成机制均发生了较多的变化。 1 982年北京都市区的社会空间结构相对简单 ,整体上表现出一定的同质性特点 ;2 0 0 0年的社会空间结构则趋于复杂 ,诸社会区之间主要以同心圆的方式组合 ,也伴有多核心和扇形结构 ,异质性的特征十分突出。论文最后从宏观、中观和微观 3个层次提出了一种城市社会空间结构演化的交叉式网络机制 ,认为它有效地推动了计划经济特色明显的北京都市区社会空间结构向市场转型条件下的社会空间结构转化。

Based on data of the fifth census of Beijing in 2000 and of the second census in 1982, methods of Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis are used to analyze the social spatial structure of Beijing Metropolitan Area and its evolution. In 1982, the main components of social space in Beijing Metropolitan Area include: population of workers and cadres, agricultural population, population of intellectuals, and population of the mining workers; and four types of social areas are identified: (1) high population density, worker areas, (2) intellectual areas, (3) government cadre areas, and (4) mining worker areas. The authors also find that, in 2000, the main components of social space in Beijing Metropolitan Area include the following: population of ordinary workers, agricultural population, temporary population, population of intellectuals and national minorities, and housing condition; and six types of social areas are identified: (1) high density and crowded areas, (2) intellectual and national minority areas, (3) areas of low population density and large living space, (4) temporary population areas, (5) areas of urban population in the outer suburb, and (6) agricultural areas. The authors also extract the model of the social spatial structure of Beijing Metropolitan Area in 1982 and 2000, respectively. In a word, the main components, types and models of social areas, and the forming mechanisms of the social spatial structure of Beijing Metropolitan Area in 2000 changed much, comparing with those in 1982. The model of the social spatial structure of Beijing Metropolitan Area in 1982 is very simple, which shows typical homogeneity as a whole, while the social spatial structure in 2000, which mainly exhibits a zonal pattern, accompanying with a multi-nuclear and a sectoral one, tends to be complex, and shows typical heterogeneity. Finally, the authors put forward a model of interlaced mechanism of the evolution of social spatial structure at the macroscopical, medium and microcosmic levels, and think that it is this kind of mechanism that propelled the social spatial structure of Beijing Metropolitan Area to change from one in the planned economy to one in the market transition.