徐州矿务集团1003例死亡尘肺病例分析

Analyses of 1003 death cases of pneumoconiosis from Xuzhou coal mines

目的 探讨尘肺发生、发展及死亡规律 ,为其预防提供科学依据。方法 对徐州矿务集团 10 0 3例死亡尘肺病例进行分析。结果 ( 1)死因构成列前四位的是 :尘肺、肺结核、慢性肺心病、肺癌 ;1990年开始 ,死因构成顺序变化为 :尘肺、慢性肺心病、肺癌、脑血管意外 ,肺结核已不再是导致尘肺患者死亡的主要因素。( 2 )死亡尘肺病例累计死亡百分比变化与接尘工龄长短有关 ,接尘工龄 5～ 2 0年间累计死亡百分比呈快速直线上升。 ( 3 )死亡尘肺病例中不同接尘工种之间平均死亡年龄、发病工龄有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;纯掘进工、纯采煤工的平均死亡年龄和发病工龄短于其他接尘工种。 ( 4)自七十年代以来 ,尘肺患者死亡年龄和病程呈延长趋势。结论 降低生产环境中粉尘浓度。

In order to investigate the general rules concerning attack, development and death of pneumoconiosis for providing scientific evidences for preventing, 1003 death cases of pneumoconiosis from Xuzhou coal mine factory were analyzed. Results showed that:(1)The death causes was in the sequence of pneumoconiosis, lung tuberculosis, chronic cor pulmonale, pulmonary carcinoma, etc., and changed into pneumoconiosis, chronic cor pulmonale, pulmonary carcinoma, cerebrovascular accident, etc. since 1990s. Lung tuberculosis would no longer be the main death cause of pneumoconiosis;(2)The accumulative death percentage of the death cases about pneumoconiosis was correlated to the length of dust exposure. The accumulative death percentage increased rapidly in a beeline within 5 to 20 years; (3)The length of service of episode and mean life of digging or mining workers were significantly shorter than that of others (P<0.01);(4)The mean life and the course of diseases became more and more longer than ever since 1970s. Therefore, it can be concluded that the key for preventing and controlling pneumoconiosis was to decrease the concentration of dust in workplace and to limit the length of service of dust exposure.