微创空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折

Minimally invasive internal fixation by cannulated compression screws for femoral neck fractures

目的 探讨应用微创空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的临床效果、适应证以及手术方式。 方法 对 83例经微创空心加压螺钉内固定治疗的股骨颈骨折的临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果 GardenI型骨折 12例 ,II型 39例 ,III型 2 3例 ,IV型 9例。损伤至手术时间平均 6 3 4h ,手术时间平均 6 5 7min ,手术出血量平均 6 4ml,住院日平均 7 7天 ,均未出现伤口感染、下肢深静脉血栓、肺栓塞或内固定物断裂现象 ,无死亡发生。随访 12月～ 4 8月 ,平均 31 3月。所有病例骨折愈合良好 ,4例 (4 83,4 8% )术后股骨颈短缩移位 ,7例 (7 83,8 4 % )出现不同程度的股骨头坏死 ,术后Harris髋关节功能评分平均94 6分。 结论 微创空心加压螺钉内固定是治疗股骨颈骨折有效 ,适用于年龄 >6 5岁的无移位的GardenI II型骨折及年龄<6 5岁的所有类型的股骨颈骨折。

Objective To investigate the clinical results, indications and choices of surgical treatment of minimally invasive internal fixation by cannulated compression screws in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Methods The authors retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 83 patients with femoral neck fractures treated by minimally invasive internal fixation by AO cannulated screws. Results According to the Garden classification, the patients comprised 12 cases of type I, 39 cases of type II, 23 type III and 9 type IV. The mean time from injury to surgery was 63.4 hours, the mean operation time was 65.7 min, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 64 ml and the mean hospital stay was 7.7 days. No wound infection, deep venous thrombosis of leg, pulmonary embolism or breakage of internal fixation occurred. No patients died. Follow-up observation ranged 12～48 months, with a mean of 31.3 months. Normal bone union was obtained in all the cases. Postoperatively, shortening of femoral neck took place in 4 patients (4/83, 4.8%) and different degrees of osteonecrosis happened in 7 patients (7/83, 8.4%). The mean postoperative Harris hip score was 94.6. Conclusions Minimally invasive internal fixation by cannulated compression screws for femoral neck fractures may be an effective alternative. This method is indicated for Garden I/II fractures without displacement in patients above 65 years old, or any types of femoral neck fractures in patients below 65 years old.