棉田立体间套复种多熟种植技术研究与应用

Investigation and Application of Multiplecropping Technologies of Stereoscopic Intercropping and Interplanting in Cotton Field

为提高植棉经济效益,2001～2002年在华容进行了5种棉田间套复种模式的比较试验,结果表明:棉田采用一年三熟的经济效益均大于一年两熟,其中尤以芥菜/西瓜//棉花效益最好。棉田套种的农作物品种以早熟、特早熟优质高产品种为佳,可不影响棉花蕾铃期的生长。三季作物采用主作物和间套作物同厢分带隔年轮作,在每公顷定植棉花22500株的情况下,套种春玉米22500株、糯高粱22500～30000株、早熟辣椒30000～37500株、西甜瓜4500～5250蔸,不仅可充分利用棉田苗蕾期土地、温光和肥水资源,挖掘棉田的增产潜力,而且可争取粮、棉、菜、瓜、果全面丰收,实现棉农增收,农业增效。

To raise economic benefits,five intercropping or interplanting patterns in cotton field were tested in Huarong County in 2001~2002.The result shows that the economic benefit of the threecropping pattern were more than the twocropping pattern,and of which mustard/watermelon/cotton pattern ranked the first.In order not to affect the growth of cotton at floweringfruiting phases,early mature varieties with high quality and yield are more suitable to be interplanted with cotton.Moreover,beltlike rotation of the three seasonal crops (including cotton as main crop and two intercropping or interplanting crops) in the same ridges in every one year should be adopted. Under the condition of 22 500 plants/ha of cotton, the suitable plants/ha of spring maize, sorghum, premature hot pepper, and melon are 22 500,22 500 to 30 000,30 000 to 37 500,4 500 to 5 250,respectively,and this arrangement can not only make full use of the natural resources at floweringfruiting phases, exploit the production potential,but also harvest more kinds of agricultural products, and thus increase the income of farmers.