伦理建构与神性启示——论十九世纪西方文学中基督教人道主义的内涵

Ethical Construction and Deity Implications——Christian Humanitarian Connotation in Western Culture in the 19th Century

在19世纪西方的现实主义文学中,除了存在世俗人道主义外,还存在基督教人道主义精神,即以上帝的名义对人类进行关爱。而基督教人道主义又包括伦理建构和神性启示两种内涵。其共同之处在于都是以上帝的名义关怀人,以促进道德完善为己任。而区别在于前者只是一种道德理想主义,而后者所体现的爱不是一种形而上学的伦理学建构,而是源于人悲剧性处境的先验设定和人有限性的体现的一种神性启示,它所追求的目标是具有生存价值论意义的人性提升与超越。

There is Christian Humanitarian Connotation, cherishing the human race for the god′s sake, in the western realistic literature in 19th century. However, Christian Humanitarian, two connotations involve moral establishment and theological arousal. The same point is that both of them cherish human beings and take moral perfection as their responsibility. The difference is that the former one is a kind of moral idealism and the later one doesn′t reflect a kind of metaphysical moral establishment, but from humans' tragic situation established ahead of time and a kind of theological arousal of humans' limitation. It pursues human improvement and surpassing which has a value of living.