分子选择

Molecular Selection

选择是指在一个群体中选择符合需要的基因型 ,它是育种实践中最重要的环节之一。在传统育种中 ,选择的依据通常是表现型 ,从表现型推断基因型。表型选择对寡基因控制的质量性状较为有效 ,而对多基因控制的数量性状则效率不高。随着现代分子生物学的迅速发展 ,分子选择技术为实现对基因型的直接选择提供了可能。本文概述了分子选择的原理、方法及应用 。

The term of selection generally refers to selecting the required genotypes in a population, which is one of the most important procedures in the breeding program. In conventional breeding, the genotypes usually deduced dependent on the phenotype selection, definitely it is more effective for quality characters controlled by oligogenes but not for quantitative characters controlled by polygenes. With the rapidly development of the modern molecular biology, it has more possibilities that the genotypes could be identified directly by molecular selection approaches. In this paper, the principles, methodologies and applications of molecular selection have been summarized, and the problems and potential prospects of molecular selection have been also discussed.