福州市城市生活垃圾处理系统优化设计及规划

OPTIMIZING AND PLANNING ON THE MUNICIPAL DOMESTIC REFUSE IN FUZHOU

随着经济的发展和城市居民生活水平的提高 ,城市生活垃圾已经成为当前世界性的严重公害之一。如何优化城市生活垃圾治理系统是解决“垃圾围城”的热点问题。从理论上讲 ,城市生活垃圾处理模型是一个包含费用最小、处理风险最小、综合效益 (社会效益、环境效益、经济效益 )最大这 3个目标的非线性规划模型。但是 ,除各处理费用因素可直接量化外 ,处理风险、综合效益的量化较困难。该文应用运筹学理论 ,依据处理费用最小、综合效益最大的原则建立多目标优化模型 ,并结合福州市实际情况 ,对福州市近、中期城市生活垃圾治理系统进行优化设计。优化结果分析表明 ,福州市城市生活垃圾较为理想的处理方式为 :到 2 0 0 5年 ,用于堆肥 2 8 5 9× 1 0 4 t·a- 1 ,填埋 3 6 81× 1 0 4 t·a- 1 ;到 2 0 1 0年 ,用于堆肥 3 6 97× 1 0 4 t·a- 1 ,填埋 3 0 67× 1 0 4 t·a- 1 ,焚烧 5 40× 1 0 4 t·a- 1 。因此 ,福州市要构筑较为理想的城市生活垃圾处理系统 ,近 2a需完成红庙岭二号库区卫生填埋场的建设 ,填埋量为 1 0 0 0t·d- 1 ;2 0 0 5年需建成制肥厂一座 ,生产规模为1 0 0 0t·d- 1 ;2 0 1 0年需建焚烧厂一座 ,焚烧量为 2 0 0t·d- 1 。

With the economic development and the improvement of the living standard of the residents in city, municipal domestic refuse today has become one of the serious “public hazard” in the world Therefore, optimizing the disposal system of the municipal domestic solid waste is the focus point to solve the problem. Theoretically, the model of the waste treatment system should be a nonlinear programming model that aims at the lowest expense, the least treatment risk and the highest comprehensive benefit for society, economy and environment. However, the treatment risk and the comprehensive effect could not be quantified so easily as the treatment expense. According to the principle of the minimum cost and the maximum effect, by use of the theory of Operational Research, this paper made a multi objective optimization model designed for Fuzhou's domestic waste disposal system in the coming years. The result showed that the ideal steps of waste disposal should be : in 2005, 28 59×10 4t·a -1 waste used for compost and 36 81×10 4t·a -1 waste in filling; in 2010, 36 97×10 4t·a -1 waste for compost , 30 67×10 4t·a -1 waste in filling,and 5 40×10 4t·a -1 waste in incineration. Therefore, it suggested an ideal waste deposal plan: in two years, the sanitary landfill site with the capacity of 1 000t·d -1 in NO.2 site of Hongmailing should be built up; in 2005, a compost factory with the capacity of 1 000t·d -1 should be set up; and in 2010, an incinerator plant with the disposal ability of 200t·d -1 should be constructed.