湖北省粮食真菌区系调查研究

INVESTIGATION ON GRAIN MYCOFLORA OF HUBEI PROVINCE

本文调查了湖北省玉米、小麦、大米,面粉、芝麻、油菜籽六种粮食、油料样品243份,检出真菌70400株,隶属23个属、105个种(群、系)。分析了六种粮食、油料入库初期和入库四个月后外部、内部真菌区系及其演替规律和不同地理状况对真菌区系的影响。结果表明:自然条件下保管引起粮食、油料品质下降或霉变的真菌主要是杂色曲霉、白曲霉、灰绿曲霉、黄曲霉、米曲霉、桔青霉,顶青霉、烟曲霉和产黄青霉。论证了用真菌菌量预测粮食霉变的可信性与可行性,提出了粮食储藏中应注意的一些问题。

Six grains and oil-seeds, such as maize, wheat, rice, wheat flour, sesame and rapeseed, 243 samples in total have been investigated in Hubei Province. 70400 strains, 23 generas and 105 species of fungi have been examined. The mycoflora and it's evolution principle in the six grains and oil seeds have been analysed in the early days and after four months of storage, and also analysed effect of different geographical condition on mycoflora. The results showed that the major molds which caused quality deterioration of stored grain and oil seeds at natural condition were Aspergillus versicolor, A.candidus, A.glaucus, A.flavus, Penicillium citrinum, P.corylophilum, A.fumigatus and P.chrysogenum. The results proved that the grain mildew can be predicted by the quantify of fungi.