科学研究方法论

Research methodology for science

主要讨论在科学研究工作中如何获得创新性成果的方法 ,全文分为两部份 ,即理论研究和实验研究。理论研究部分论述物理学中的概念和符号体系、物理定律及其表示形式、物理理论及其判据 ;实验研究部分强调实验研究在创造性科研中的重要意义、论述实验时实验者的思维活动、介绍作者本人常采用的一个思维方法 ,以及捕捉创新概念的各种方法。从 195 4年起 ,这些方法先后帮助作者在电子发射、真空物理、真空测量、气体激光、激光测量、统计物理、铁轨几何参量在线测量等领域 ,取得了范围较广泛的创造性成果。

Methods of scientific research for achieving creative results are discussed. The methods of theoretical and experimental investigation are presented. In the theoretical the concepts, symbol systems, laws and their formations of expression, theories and their criterions in physics are expounded. In the experimental the importance of the experimental studies to achieve creative results is emphasized, experimenter's thinking activity is discussed, a special method usually adopted by the author is introduced, at last, several skills for obtainning new ideas are presented. The presented methods have favoured the author getting several new results concerning electron emission, vacuum physics, vacuum measurements, gas lasers, laser wavelength measurements, statistic physics, as well as railroad measurements.