关于黄河河口问题的思考

Pondering on Issues of the Yellow River Estuary

围绕黄河河口流路安排、河口生态环境保护等方面的问题进行了分析。认为:河口流路安排的核心问题是如何处理好河口地区防洪、经济发展和生态环境保护之间的关系;长期固定入海流路不利于保障河口和下游防洪安全、不利于生态环境保护,解决途径是有计划地使入海流路摆动。来水来沙量的减少、河口附近海域条件相对较好、人类已经探索出一些控制河口淤积的措施、防洪工程建设的加强等为稳定流路提供了条件,延长清水沟流路的使用年限是可能实现的,但要充分认识“少水少沙”条件下河口河道仍然会严重淤积的事实,充分认识河口各种减淤措施的可能潜力和局限性。如何保护好河口地区的生态环境,是黄河水资源未来能否在河口得到优化配置的核心,为此,要研究人类希望保障和可能保障的生态环境规模和目标、生态恢复到相应目标最少需要多少淡水等课题。河口地区经济发展模式必须建立在水资源紧缺的基础上,把生态环境保护放在十分突出的位置。只有实现人与自然和谐相处,才能保障经济社会的可持续发展。

The paper analyzes on the issues of flow path at the estuary of the Yellow River and estuary ecological environmental protection. It is considered after analyzing that the key of flow path arrangement at the estuary is to well handle the relationship among flood control, economic development and ecological environmental protection of the estuary; and long -term fixing the flow path into the sea is unfavorable to ensuring the safety of the estuary and flood control of the lower reaches and unfavorable to ecological environmental protection. The way of solving is to make flow path wandering in a planned way. The conditions of reduction of coming water and sediment, the relatively better sea area near the estuary, the matured measures on controlling sedimentation at estuary and strengthened building of flood control structures have become favorable to stabilize the flow path and extending the service life of Qingshuigou Flow Path has become possible. While, we should fully recognize the facts that the serious sedimentation would be happened at estuary if runoff and sediment were less, the possible potentialities and limitation of various sediment reduction measures used for the estuary. How to protect ecological environment of the estuary region is the key issue of whether the water resources of the Yellow River can be optimally allocated. Therefore, it should study the issues of ecological environmental scope and objectives that human hope to safeguard and possibly can safeguard and how much fresh water needed for the relevant rehabilitation aim. The economic development mode of estuary region must be established on the conditions of insufficient water resources and put ecological environmental protection into a very important place. Social and economic sustainable development can be guaranteed only people get on well with the nature.