中国东北小兴安岭阔叶红松林更新及其恢复研究(英文)

Regeneration and restoration of broad-leaved Korean pine forests in Lesser Xing′an Mountains of Northeast China

研究了中国东北小兴安岭地区阔叶红松林的更新和红松的生长及其影响因素。研究结果表明由于成树树冠的遮蔽作用所导致的光照减少是制约幼树生长和存活的关键因素。阔叶红松林是该区最典型和稳定的植被类型 ,但是在过去的 5 0 a中 ,由于皆伐和更新不良导致了它的分布面积和蓄积量的减少。阔叶红松林是地带性“顶极”植被 ,并通过具有连续性年龄结构的树种有规律的替代和演替过程中不同阔叶树种组成而处于优势地位。这种林型无疑应作为一种重要的基因库加以保护。次生阔叶林是在阔叶红松林受干扰后出现的 ,但它的种类组成简单 ,而且结构也很不稳定。因此 ,必须对现有的林分结构加以调整以利于林分的长期稳定和高产。同时 ,提出了红松阔叶林的恢复和重建的经营方式。

This paper studied the regeneration and growth of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and the influencing factors in broad-leaved Korean pine forests in Lesser Xing′an Mountains of Northeast China. Light solar radiation decrement within the forest stand overshadowed by the mature tree canopy was considered as the key factor that limited the seedling growth and survival. Broad-leaved Korean pine forest is the most typical and the most stable vegetation type in the region, but its area and stocking have been decreased in the last 50 years caused by the over-cutting and poor regeneration. Broad-leaved Korean pine forest is the zonal “climax” vegetation type and remains dominant through the regular replacement of succeeding age classes of tree species and the succession between different assemblages of species. This forest type should, undoubtedly, be conserved so as to preserve an important gene pool for future generations. The secondary deciduous forest occurring after disturbance of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest is much simpler in composition and highly unstable in structure. Forest structure must be adjusted so as to favor long-term stability and productivity. Suggestions for restoration and rehabilitation are made for future forest management schemes.