新型日光温室人工生态系统中生态因子的优化配置

A new kind of sunlight greenhouse——the research on the optimal distribution of the ecological factors in the artificial greenhouse ecological system

针对日光温室中的午间高温、高湿、病虫害发生率高 ,频繁地使用农药等一系列问题 ,已研制了具有阴、阳棚结构的新型日光温室 ,它通过阴、阳棚之间的热交换 ,既可降低阳棚的午间高温 ,推迟并缩短了阳棚午间 30℃以上的高温 ,又可提高夜间低温 ,其日平均温度比对照 (二代日光温室 )气温提高了 3.8℃ ,地温提高了 4.2℃ ;光照总入射量比对照平均增加 1 3.5 % ;≥ 85 %湿度平均减少 4.7h/d;病虫害发生率及农药使用量比对照减少 85 %以上。将阳棚午间多余的热量补充给阴棚 ,可使其温度提高 3～ 5℃ ,把单屋面日光温室背面的遮荫区 (大多都闲置 )转化为生产区 ,使土地利用率从 43.8%提高到 68.8% ;该日光温室可提供两种不同光照、温度等条件的温室人工生态系统。在该系统中基本实现了光、温、水、土、CO2 等生态因子的优化配置 ,有效提高了系统的生产力。新型日光温室 -集水工程 -沼气池联体构筑为半干旱地区农业可持续发展提供了很好的技术平台。

To solve the questions in the greenhouse such as the high temperature and the humidity at noon. the high rate of the plant diseases and insect pests and the high frequency of using pesticide, we invent a new kind of sunlight greenhouse with canopy structure of negative and positive. Due to the hot exchange between negative canopy and positive canopy, it can reduce the positive canopy's high temperature at noon.It can not only postpone and shorten the time in which the positive canopy's temperature is more than 30℃ at noon but also improve the low temperature at night. In comparison with the two generations of sunlight greenhouse the average temperature has improved 3\^8℃ and ground temperature has improved 4\^2 ℃. The amount of the sunlight is more than the comparison by 13\^5% The time in which the humidity is over 85% reduce 4\^7h/d, the rate of plant diseases and insect pests without agriculture chemical reduce more than 85%. The surplus quantity of heat of the positive canopy to supplement to negative canopy can make its temperature increase 3~5 degrees Centigrade. This kind of sunlight greenhouse turns the areas of the back of the single canopy sunlight greenhouse to the production areas, and the utilization rate of soil is increased from 43\^8% to 48\^8%. This sunlight greenhouse can offer two kinds of artificial greenhouse ecological system different in sunlight, temperature condition, etc. This system reached the optimal distribution of the ecological factors such as sunlight, temperature, water, carbon-dioxide and soil etc. It is effective to increase the productivity of this system. \;Combined construction of rainwater catchment with methane pool and new sunlight greenhouse supports the techniques for the sustainable of the semi-arid area agriculture.