早期儒家的“时圣”人格境界义解

The Ideal Personality of “Sage Changing with the Times” in Early Confucians

早期儒家的“圣人”人格理论构想包含着两个基本层面 ,一个是理想的 ,具有终极性价值的“内圣外王”人格境界 ,另一个是现实的、具有实践价值的“时圣”人格境界。在早期儒家人格理论的历时性发展过程中 ,“圣”的人格境界存在着由“形而上”到“形而下”的思维转型态势 ,这种思维转型态势是与早期儒家对于“时”的认识深化过程存在着密切的联系。通过以“时”援“圣” ,以及将非主体性范畴———“时”的主体化努力 ,早期儒家在现实价值实践中也完成了从汲汲于“内圣外王”人格境界向“时圣”

Early Confucian's theoretical conception about the personality of 'Sage' involves two basic levels, one being the ideal and ultimate state, namely, 'being a sage interiorly and being a king exteriorly', the other being the real and practical state of 'being a sage of the times'. With the chronological development of the personality theory of the early Confucianism, the personality state of 'Sage' experienced an ideaistic transformation from transcendence to secularity, which is closely associated with the early Confucian's deepening understanding of 'Times'. By explaining 'Sage' with 'Times' and by embodying the non-subject category 'Times', the early Confucianism accomplished the transformation of personality pursuit from 'being a sage interiorly and being a king exteriorly' to 'being a sage of the times'.