单倍体相合骨髓移植白血病患者造血重建的临床研究

Clinical Study on Hematopoietic Reconstitution in Patients with Leukemia by Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation

为研究未去除T细胞的单倍体骨髓移植后造血重建的特点 ,对 15例HLA 2 - 3个位点不匹配骨髓移植亲属供者使用G CSF 3- 4 μg/ (kg·d) ,连续 7天后采髓。预处理方案采用大剂量阿糖胞苷联合环磷酰胺和全身照射。应用环孢菌素A和氨甲喋呤、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白及霉酚酸酯 (MMF)预防移植物抗宿主病。移植后观察血像、骨髓像、行染色体分析及HLA位点鉴定。移植后分别于 3,6和 12个月及 2年追踪鉴定植入状态。结果发现 ,15例患者全部移植物植入 ,移植后中性粒细胞 >0 .5× 10 9/L和血小板 >2 0× 10 9/L的时间分别为 18(13- 2 3)天及 2 2 (16- 32 )天。骨髓像显示各系造血均恢复。 7例应用染色体检查 ,8例应用HLA位点 ,4例应用血型 ,1例应用DNA指纹检测 ,植入鉴定结果除 1例复发患者于移植后 2个月骨髓复发植入鉴定为供、受者嵌合外 ,其他患者均呈持续全部稳定植入。移植后发生I度急性GVHD 8例 ,II-IV度GVHD 5例 ,可评价的慢性GVHD共 8例。结论 :供者应用G CSF后采髓 ,加大预处理剂量 ,联合应用作用机理不同的多种免疫抑制剂进行HLA单倍体的骨髓移植 ,可跨越人类HLA多样性屏障。

To investigate the properties of haploidentical donor derived bone marrow engraftment and hematopoietic reconstitution in patients received bone marrow transplantation, 15 patients with leukemia received bone marrow grafts without T cell depletion from their family donors of those with 2-3 mismatched loci of HLA antigens. The donors were given G CSF 250 μg/day for 7 days prior to marrow harvest. All patients were treated with conditioning regimens consisting of high dose of Ara C, cyclophosphamide, and total body irradiation. A four agent based GVHD prophylaxis was used as cyclosporine A, MTX, ATG and mycophenolate mofetile (MMF). Donor engraftment was evaluated as identification of HLA locus, chromosome karyotype, DNA fingerprinting, blood type and other parameters such as occurrence of GVHD, recovery of peripheral blood cell counts as well as normal myelogram. The results showed that successful and stable engraftment was established in all patients. The median time of granulocyte counts>0.5×10 9/L and platelet>20×10 9/L was 18 (13-23) and 22 (16-32) days, respectively. One of the patients relapsed despite the bone marrow chimerism appearing after transplantation. The grade I acute GVHD occurred in 8 and grade II IV in 5 of the 15 patients. Of the patients, 7 received marrow grafts from donors of opposite sex were identified for donor engraftment by chromosome analysis, 4 by blood typing, 7 with HLA locus analysis and 1 with DNA fingerprinting. In conclusion, HLA haploidentical bone marrow transplantation is feasible with a series of management including mobilization with G CSF in donors, intensive conditioning and proper immunosuppressants, which enable the allo transplants to stride across the immunological barrier.