中国北方典型时段环境格局与植被演替区带及其对生态环境建设的启示

Environment Patterns and Vegetation Succession of Typical Extreme Periods in Northern China and Its Significance on Eco-environmental Construction

随着近年来我国经济建设的发展,生态环境的压力越来越大,恢复和重建生态环境已成为当前人们关注的重要话题之一。在生态环境建设中人们主要根据当地的地形地貌区和气候环境条件来确定各种针对性的治理措施和建设方向。为了保证生态环境建设适应气候环境的变化,通过分析生态环境可能出现的最佳与最恶劣状况,可以帮助确定生态环境建设的最大容许范围。笔者利用末次冰盛期和全新世适宜期作为距今最近的最恶劣与最佳古环境类型,划分出中国北方地区的植被演替区带,以每个区带的2种植被类型作为其植被可能出现的极端类型,为生态环境重建提供了一种最基本的参照。

In recent years, more eco-environmental problems occur in China due to rapid economy development. The recovery and reconstruction of eco-environment has in turn become an important issue. It is known that the local land-form, soil and vegetation types, and climatic conditions are widely used to determine the environment governing rules and management steps for different regions. In order to ensure the eco-environmental reconstruction adaptable to climatic change, the maximum tolerant ability of ecosystem can be estimated by analyzing the best and the most inclement climatic situations that would occur. In this paper, the environment of the last glacial maximum and the Holocene optimum period are studied as the last patterns of the best and the severest conditions. The vegetation succession belts of Northern China are analyzed. The two types of each vegetation succession belt can be regarded as two extreme vegetation types of this area. Therefore, the vegetation succession belts provide a referenced limit of the eco-environmental recovery.