黄土高原土壤侵蚀有效防治战略

Strategy to Control Soil Erosion Effectively in the Loess Plateau

通过总结、梳理黄土高原治理的经验教训,认为应从遵循自然与经济规律上确立治理战略和制定当前的治理对策。治理战略一是从理念上认识黄土高原土壤侵蚀是在自然侵蚀的基础上叠加了人类加速侵蚀的结果,人类目前还无法根除土壤侵蚀的危害;二是从治理目标上确定有限目标和有限水保产业目标。战略措施是:建立坝系高产基本农田;依靠植被自然恢复功能,以水定树搞好植被恢复与建设;贯彻径流调控和综合治理路线,搞好小流域综合防治。对当前的防治对策提出了见解和建议。

Loess Plateau is a region that has the most severe soil erosion problems in China and in the world. Although prevention has been performed continuously in the recent 50 years, the efficiency was limited and the improvement of eco-environment was slow. The study indicates that the strategy to improve the efficiency of control should be as follows, that the eco-environmental constructions should follow scientific principles; the concepts against natural regularities should be abandoned; the target of prevention should be rational and practicable; high yield farmland can be established by building dams; afforestation and vegetation construction should be designed according to water conditions. An approach of regulating runoffs and integrated management in small watersheds should be adopted. It is proposed to establish administrative agents, distribut the engineering projects, and recover forests and grasslands.