中国古代利用林草保持水土的思想与实践

Thinking and Practice of Soil and Water Conservation Using Forest and Grass in Ancient China

中国古代由于不合理的人为活动,森林植被遭受巨大破坏,水土流失严重发生,对社会造成极大危害。劳动人民在平治水土的实践中积累了丰富经验,尤其是在利用林草保持水土方面创造出许多有效措施。主要理论成果有山川为国家之本、森林能固土防灾、治水重在治山;实践经验为封山护林、荒山造林、堤防植树、草障住淤等。教训为:理论与实践脱节;重治水、轻治山,重工程措施、轻植物措施。

In ancient China, grievous soil erosion resulted from forest destruction damaged the society seriously. The laboring people accumulated much experiences and valid measures in the practice of soil and water conservation, especially using forest and grass. The main theories included that mountains and rivers were root of a country, forests could firm soil and defend disasters, and the key of taming rivers was to manage mountains. The measures contained that forbidding mountain to protect forests, forestation on barren hills, planting tree to strengthen dikes, planting grass to hold silt, etc. Lessons were as follows: theory was divorced from practice, the stress of theories are flood control rather than mountain management, and engineer measures was regarded as the more important than the vegetation.